What is dry eye?
Our natural tears protect our eyes and give them moisture that is absolutely necessary for clear and comfortable vision. Some people are unable to produce enough of these tears, leaving the eyes dry and easily irritated. This is known as dry eye.

In this condition that affects millions of Americans, blinking no longer leaves a moist "tear film" to wash and soothe the eye. The irritation and discomfort that result may make a difference in one's ability to see. In rare cases, dry eye can become serious–even blinding–without proper care and treatment.

What causes dry eye?
Tear production normally decreases as we age. Although dry eye can occur in both men and women at any age, women are most often affected, especially after menopause. Dry eye also can be associated with arthritis and accompanied by a dry mouth. People with dry eyes, dry mouth and arthritis have Sjogren's syndrome.

Many common medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, can cause dry eye by reducing tear secretion. Be sure to tell your doctor the names of all the medications you're taking, especially if you are using diuretics, betablockers, antihistamines, sleeping pills, antidepressants or pain relievers.

What are the symptoms of dry eye?
People suffering from dry eye either produce fewer tears or their tears evaporate too quickly, causing discomfort and possible damage to the eye's surface. The symptoms can include stinging or burning eyes, the feeling of scratchiness, irritation from smoke or wind, excess tearing and difficulty wearing contact lenses.           

How is dry eye treated?
There is no cure for dry eye and, so far, only the symptoms can be treated. Eye drops called artificial tears are similar to your own tears. Available without a prescription, they lubricate the eyes and help maintain moisture. You can use the tears as often as necessary. Ointments often are used before bedtime to make sure there is enough wetness throughout the night.

Conserving your eyes' own tears is another approach to keeping the eyes moist. Tears drain out of the eye through a small channel into the nose, which is why your nose runs when you cry. Your eye doctor may close these channels either temporarily or permanently. The closure conserves your own tears and makes artificial tears last longer.

Anything that may cause dryness, such as an overly warm room, hair dryers or wind, can aggravate dry eye. Smoking is especially bothersome. In winter, when indoor heat is on, a humidifier or a pan of water on the radiator adds moisture to dry air.

Consult an Eye Care Associates doctor
If you or a family member suffers from dry eye, make an appointment with an experienced eye doctor at Eye Care Associates of Greater Cincinnati.